Pearls are among the oldest and most symbolic gemstones in jewelry history. Organic, luminous, and naturally unique, pearls have transcended centuries and trends. Today, they are reinterpreted in a modern, conscious way. In this guide, we explain what pearls are, the main types of pearls, how to assess their quality, and why CINCO works exclusively with cultured pearls.
Pearls are formed inside mollusks when a natural irritant becomes coated, layer by layer, with nacre — the same substance that gives pearls their soft, iridescent glow. Unlike other gemstones, pearls are not cut or polished; they emerge complete, shaped by time and nature. Most pearls used in fine and demi-fine jewelry today are cultured pearls. Let´s talk about the difference:
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Natural pearls form without any human intervention. They are extremely rare and are mainly found in antique jewelry.
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Cultured pearls are created when a small nucleus is carefully introduced into the mollusk, allowing nature to complete the process over time. The mollusk produces nacre in exactly the same way as it would naturally, making cultured pearls genuine pearls — not imitations.
CINCO uses cultured pearls from aquaculture because they allow for a more responsible, controlled, and sustainable approach to pearl production. Aquaculture supports the preservation of natural ecosystems, ensures the health and longevity of mollusks, and avoids the environmental impact associated with harvesting rare natural pearls.
This method also allows CINCO to select pearls with superior lustre, durability, and consistency, ensuring each piece meets the brand’s quality standards while respecting natural resources. Cultured pearls reflect CINCO’s commitment to thoughtful design, longevity, and conscious luxury.
Pearls vary according to their environment:
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Freshwater pearls: Grown in lakes and rivers, known for their soft glow and organic shapes. They are versatile, modern, and widely used in contemporary jewelry.
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Saltwater pearls: Including Akoya, Tahitian, and South Sea pearls, typically rounder and associated with traditional fine jewelry.
Perfectly round pearls are traditionally prized, but modern jewelry embraces baroque and irregular pearls for their individuality. Naturally occurring shades range from white and cream to blush, grey, and black, depending on the mollusk and environment. A pearl’s quality is defined primarily by its lustre — how sharply it reflects light. High-quality pearls display a deep, mirror-like shine rather than a dull or chalky surface. Once reserved for formal occasions, pearls are now worn effortlessly. They pair naturally with gold chains, minimal silhouettes, and everyday looks. Modern pearls are about personal expression rather than convention.
Pearls are organic and delicate. They should be stored separately, worn often, and kept away from perfumes, cosmetics, and harsh chemicals. With proper care, pearls age beautifully, developing character over time.